Categorical observers for metamerism

A method is proposed to generate categorical colour observer functions (individual colour matching functions) for any field size based on the CIE 2006 system of physiological observer functions. The method combines proposed categorical observer techniques of Sarkar et al with a physiologically-based individual observer model of Asano et al and a clustering technique to produce the optimal set of categorical observers. The number of required categorical observers varies depending on an application with as many as 50 required to predict individual observers' matches when a laser projector is viewed. However, 10 categorical observers are sufficient to represent colour-normal populations for personalized colour imaging. The proposed and recommended categorical observers represent a robust and inclusive technique to examine and quantify observer metamerism in any application of colorimetry.     

Naming the colors: Color names designation from the colorimetric values. The French GPEM/PV work revisited

This publication describes a work related to the French language, for assigning a color name to an object whose colorimetric characteristics have been measured. This is the subject of a recently published book. The work is the result of an old publication by Afnor, the French standardization organization, work unfortunately obsolete by its colorimetric part. This publication describes the work that has been done to update it and make it convenient to use. The present text, by publishing some of the tables and graphs of the French book, presents the work done in French by a method that differs from that used by Kelly and Judd years ago.     

碱融分光光度法测定钛铁中二氧化硅

本法采用氢氧化钠在高温炉中对钛铁样品进行熔融,使钛铁中的硅在碱性环境中能完全熔解,熔解后熔块经硝酸酸化处理,其溶液中可溶性硅酸与钼酸铵作用,用硫酸亚铁还原为硅钼蓝,根据硅钼蓝的深浅,以吸光度法测出硅的含量。     

碳酸盐矿石中钨的前处理方法研究

对碳酸盐矿石中钨的熔矿方法进行了研究,分别考察了坩埚、熔剂、双氧水等因素的影响,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和传统比色法对钨含量的测定结果比较,得出以镍坩埚、氢氧化钠对碳酸盐矿石进行熔矿前处理,钨能较多的存在于溶液中以利于含量的测定。     

超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素工艺优化

以脱脂后的茶籽饼粕为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素,并用香草醛-浓硫酸显色法测定茶皂素提取率。以茶皂素提取率为考核指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最佳的提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%、超声波功率400 W、超声波作用时间40min、温度50℃、液料比8∶1(mL∶g),在此条件下,茶皂素提取率达到13.27%。     

双波段比色精确测温技术

非接触红外辐射测温具有响应速度快、准确、便捷等优势。为实现中低温(50~400℃)物体温度的精确测量,根据双波段比色测温原理,搭建了双波段比色测温试验系统。首先对试验系统所用的试验器件进行精确标定,得到拟合曲线,用多种插值算法对曲线进行校正。然后,用设定温度的面源黑体作为试验目标来进行试验温度数据采集。实验结果表明:搭建的双波段试验系统不需要知道目标发射率,也能较为精确地得到中低温物体的真实温度。当系统标定置信度为0.95 时,物体的标准偏差在3℃以内。验证了搭建测温系统的正确性,实验装置的搭建对中低温物体真实温度的精确测量具有重要的研究意义。     

聚酯装置水质中色度的测定-仪器法和稀释倍数法

色度是衡量聚酯装置废水是否达标排放的重要指标之一,污染较严重的地面水和工业废水色度使用稀释倍数法测定,为提高检验效率、实现检验自动化,也可采用仪器法测定。本实验为仪器法和稀释倍数法的比较。     

Comparison of the performance of masterbatch and liquid color concentrates for mass coloration of polypropylene

The properties of polypropylene (PP) mixed with masterbatch (MB) and liquid color concentrates (LCC), respectively, were compared by preparing samples of PP with MB and PP with LCC and neat PP as a reference material using 1–4 extrusion cycles. Two colors were examined, i.e., a white color consisting of pigment white 6, and a green color consisting of pigment white 6, pigment blue 15:3, and pigment green 7. The color difference between PP prepared with MB and LCC was determined and the mechanical, rheological, and crystalline properties of PP prepared with MB and LCC were found to be generic. The color of PP obtained from MB and LCC were comparable. Further, it was found that the tensile strength, the viscosity, and the crystal structure obtained were similar when using LCC instead of MB. The viscosity of the treated PP generally decreased with increasing extruder retention time due to thermal degradation. The tensile strength and the crystal structure were independent of increased extruder retention time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 484–492, 2016     

Grape seed removal: effect on phenolics,chromatic and organoleptic characteristics of red wine

Winemakers are interested in wines with low bitterness and astringency, and therefore, there is a preference for a higher presence of skin proanthocyanidins in wines. However, the information regarding the effect of reducing or eliminating seed proanthocyanidins from the must or fermenting wine on the characteristics of finished wines is scarce. For this reason, we elaborated a wine using Monastrell grapes from which the seeds had been removed and compared it with a control wine (CW) made from intact grapes. The anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin concentration and profile, and the chromatic and sensory characteristics were studied. The absence of seed proanthocyanidins did not affect anthocyanin concentration, although the proanthocyanidin concentration was 40% lower than in the CW. The copigmentation (CA) study showed that both wines had a similar extent of CA phenomena although colour intensity was higher when seed proanthocyanidins were present. The panellist evaluated the wines elaborated without seeds as being fruitier, less astringent and with an overall higher quality.     

Colour assays: An inside look into Alentejo traditional limewash paintings and coloured lime mortars

A series of colour assays were conducted taking into account old bibliographic recommendations and oral testimony regarding traditional lime painting technology from the Alentejo (South Portugal) region. The main objectives were: (a) the colorimetric analysis of paintings made with different limewash preparation methods; (b) the comparison between natural processed red and yellows ochre pigments (“home made” and from industrial origin) and synthetic iron oxides in different concentrations and lime proportions; (c) the evaluation of the colorimetric CIELAB coordinates during the lime carbonation process in coloured mortars and limewashes. The results shows that the evolution of L*, a*, and b* during the carbonation process is independent of pigment concentration and paint thickness but dependent of pigment composition and finishing technique (lime painting or coloured mortar). They also emphasize the importance of surface appearance attributes and its influence on the colorimetric parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 61–71, 2011